The Importance of Proper Watering During Alberta’s Ongoing Drought
\Water is essential to plant health, especially for newly planted trees, shrubs, flowers, and vegetables. With Alberta facing a prolonged drought period, particularly since 2020, it’s more important than ever to ensure our plants receive the water they need to survive, while practicing proper waiting practices to conserve water where possible.
Separate Watering Systems for Trees, Shrubs, and Vegetables
Unfortunately a lawn sprinkler system isn’t sufficient for trees, shrubs, and garden plants. These plants require a different approach. Trees, in particular, have varying water needs based on their stage of growth and root establishment. Newly planted trees need consistent care during their first years in the ground, as it can take anywhere from 2 to 10 years for their roots to fully establish.
For newly planted trees, providing approximately 50 liters of water twice a week for the first 2-3 months is crucial. After this initial period, watering once a week is usually enough. The most effective method is to water slowly by allowing a garden hose to drip at a slow rate for 1 to 2 hours. This slow release prevents runoff and ensures the water penetrates deep into the soil. When watering trees, it’s best to water at the drip line, the area directly beneath the outermost branches, where the roots absorb the most water. Avoid watering at the trunk, this can cause shallow root development and rot.
Smaller trees and shrubs should be watered in a similar manner, but the water quantity can be reduced depending on their size. When it comes to flowers and vegetables, they should be watered when the top 10 cm of soil or potting mix is dry. The frequency will depend on the weather, ranging from twice a day during the peak of summer to less frequently during cooler or rainy periods. Watch for signs of drooping to know when your plants are thirsty and always read any directions that come with your plants.
Year-Round Watering: Not Just a Summer Task
It’s a common mistake to focus watering efforts only in the summer. In reality, plants need watering from thaw to frost. Spring watering provides essential moisture for new growth, and while the rain may help, a dry spring can stunt plant development. Summer watering is vital to combat Alberta’s dry, hot conditions, especially as plants focus their energy on fruit and vegetable production.
In the fall, watering becomes equally important. Saturating the soil before the ground freezes helps trees, shrubs, and perennials store moisture for the coming spring. A helpful tip is to pile snow under trees and shrubs during the winter months. This snow provides additional moisture during chinooks or as the ground thaws. However, avoid placing snow treated with salt or de-icing chemicals near plants, as this can cause damage.
Water Conservation in Times of Drought
With water conservation being a top priority in Alberta, finding ways to reuse or collect water is an environmentally friendly and practical approach. Rain barrels are an excellent choice for collecting rainwater from downspouts. They offer a large reservoir and often come with a spout for attaching a hose, making it easy to water your garden. You can also collect rainwater using large outdoor buckets or repurpose indoor water, such as the excess from letting your shower heat up or water used to wash fruits and vegetables.
To maximize your water’s efficiency, avoid watering during the hottest part of the day. Watering early in the morning or late in the evening ensures more water soaks into the soil rather than evaporating.
By adopting mindful watering practices, especially in times of drought, we can help our plants thrive while also conserving water. Whether it’s ensuring newly planted trees receive the right amount of water or setting up a rain collection system, small steps can make a big difference in maintaining plant health.